London beauty spot turned into open sewer
Pymmes Brook polluted by sewage 13 times in 2022 - lasting 22 hours
Contains OS Data © Crown copyright & database right 2021-2022
© Top of the Poops 2021-2023
Pollution Summary 2022
Here are all the reported sewage overflow totals for Pymmes Brook in 2022. Sometimes sewage can be being dumped for months at a time.
These numbers are very slightly different from the Rivers page - This is because there is an invalid grid reference on the pollution consent - so we don't know where the CSO is. We're working on it.
Data Sources & Accuracy
EDM (Event Duration Monitoring) data and Consented Discharges to Controlled Waters with Conditions from Environment Agency & Data Map Wales
Experimental derived data from Thames Water API, Some data may be missing or inaccurate. This uses Environment Agency rainfall data from the real-time data API (Beta) - Rainfall data is delayed by up to two days.
This website is intended to provide an accurate representation of the Environment Agency data. The data is hard to use, and thus some errors may have been made. If you find something that is incorrect, please raise an issue at the GitHub issues page and we'll endeavour to fix it quickly.
This project is not associated, approved or endorsed by any of the companies whose logos you see here.
Don’t be a drain
Peter Leedham from community group Pymmes Brookers on how we might be causing pollution inadvertently
A recent High Court case has highlighted the damage being done to our local streams by wrongly connected house drains.
An Enfield landlord had connected the waste water from washing machines, sinks and toilets at several properties to the surface-water drains, causing pollution to pour into Pymmes Brook. He was asked to rectify the problem, refused, and was eventually taken to court where he was ordered to comply. He appealed to the High Court, which has now found against him and instructed him to comply. All in all the case took seven years, cost thousands of pounds, and led to years of pollution.
Pymmes Brook is the stream which flows from Jack’s Lake in Hadley Wood, through Oak Hill Park, Brunswick Open Space, Arnos Park and Tile Kiln Lane Open Space; areas enjoyed by thousands of Enfield residents as well as supporting a variety of wildlife. It is one of the three streams which drain through Enfield borough, the others being Salmon’s Brook and Turkey Brook. They rise in the open country in the north of our borough but for much of their length flow through built-up areas before entering the River Lea. They are all polluted by agricultural run-off, oils and heavy metals from road run-off, plus sewage from misconnected drains.
In our part of London we have two separate sewer systems – one for surface water run-off from roofs and driveways and the other for ‘foul’ water from sinks, toilets, washing machines and other household appliances. The surface water drains empty straight into our streams without any treatment, whereas the foul water is carried to the sewage works for treatment.
Obviously when our houses were built their drains were connected correctly but since then many changes may have taken place – for example by moving a washing machine to an outbuilding or installing an en-suite bathroom. Thames Water estimate that across North London one in ten properties have a misconnection. That amounts to a huge volume of sewage flowing into our lakes and streams.
So whose responsibility is all this? As the recent High Court judgement makes clear, it rests squarely with the property owner, even if the connections were made by a builder, plumber or previous occupant. It makes sense for householders to check their drain connections – making sure that nothing but surface water from gutters, patios and driveways is going into the surface water drain gulleys, and that washing machines, dishwashers, downstairs cloakrooms and en-suite bathrooms have been connected correctly. If there is any doubt, information and advice is available online.
For help with misconnected drains:
Visit connectright.org.uk
Visit thames21.org.uk/plumbing-misconnections
To support community group Pymmes Brookers:
Email thepymmesbrookers@gmail.com
I first noticed it as we finished last month’s walk, by the clattering, mixed-up junction of Fore and Silver Streets at Edmonton, a stream in deep concrete walls heading under the street and out of sight.
Pymmes Brook culverted underneath Edmonton for its last mile, ’til it reaches the Lee.
For a walker Pymmes Brook offers some refreshment to the senses, especially so near the north circular, so it’s worth following its course for a few miles, from Edmonton through Arnos Grove to Whetstone.
http://londonist.com/2016/04/weeend-walks-the-pymmes-brook-trail
Meeting place: just outside Silver Street station, Edmonton. Take the overground from Liverpool Street station, train every 15 mins
Date & time: Sunday January 15th 2017, 1pm
Distance: the walk is an easy 7 miles
End point: Totteridge and Whetstone station,
Route Map: https://goo.gl/maps/2bRLJYNmotB2
Cost: No charge
Contact: tim.ingram-smith@virgin.net 077932 00932
There’s a spiral in the little park at the side of Silver Street station (click to see the spiral), presumably an old railway turning circle, as the tram lines are still there:
Here’s Pymmes river by Pymmes Park, Edmonton, fast flowing and contained in a brick and concrete channel:
Pymmes Brook near Broomfield Park:
Broomfield Park:
Pymmes Brook through Arnos Park:
A designer made some effort with this railing, then the council put another railing up:
The brook is getting narrower, as we follow it upstream:
Playing fields at Oak Hill Park :
A drizzly winter’s day. Thoroughly enjoyed it.
Finished with a refreshment at Em’s Coffee on Totteridge High Road.
نهر پيميس بروك
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| نهر | ||||
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| البلد | ||||
| المصب | نهر ليا | |||
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تعديل  | ||||
.svg)
پيميس بروك (Pymmes Brook) هوا نهر فى المملكه المتحده
جغرافيا[تعديل]
نهر پيميس بروك بيعدى فى المنطقه الاداريه لوندون بوروج اوف بارنيت و مصبو فى ريڤير ليا
من الانهار اللى بترفده:
لينكات برانيه[تعديل]
- نهر پيميس بروك – صور وتسجيلات صوتيه و مرئيه على ويكيميديا كومونز (الإنجليزية)
- نهر پيميس بروك معرف مخطط فريبيس للمعارف الحره (الإنجليزية)
- نهر پيميس بروك معرف خريطه الشارع المفتوحه (الإنجليزية)
مصادر[تعديل]
Pymmes Brook is located in North London and named after William Pymme, a local land owner. It is a minor tributary of the River Lea. The brook mostly flows through urban areas and is particularly prone to flooding in its lower reaches.[1] To alleviate the problem the brook has been culverted in many areas. Part of it is a Site of Borough Importance for Nature Conservation, Grade II.[2][3]
Course[edit]
The source of the brook are underground springs at Hadley Common which are mentioned in reference to the penultimate battle in the Wars of the Roses at the Battle of Barnet. At this point it is known as Monken Mead Brook before flowing in a south-easterly direction to merge with the River Lee Navigation at Tottenham. It flows through East Barnet, where it is joined by a small tributary, the Shirebourne brook before flowing through New Southgate, Arnos Grove, Palmers Green and Edmonton. After flowing through Pymmes Park the brook can be seen at Fore Street, Edmonton before it flows underground and emerges south of the North Circular Road at Angel Road, where it is joined by Salmons Brook. The brook then flows parallel with the River Lee Navigation in Tottenham Marshes until it merges with the Lea near Ferry Lane A503 and Tottenham Lock.
Geology, origin and evolution[edit]
The main geological formation underlying the Pymmes Brook catchment area is Eocene London Clay. The uppermost part of this formation - the "Claygate Beds" - has a higher sand content. In some parts of the higher sections of the catchment area, the London Clay is overlain by "Stanmore Gravel" (also known as "Pebble Gravel") and "Dollis Hill Gravel" (both Quaternary pre-glacial fluvial deposits), and by Quaternary glacial till.[4] From Oak Hill Park southwards, there are sand, gravel and alluvium deposits on the Pymmes Brook valley floor. And east of Palmers Green, the brook crosses extensive Quaternary river terrace deposits laid down by the River Lea.[5][6]
As a west bank tributary of the lower River Lea, Pymmes Brook came into being about 400,000 years ago, after the Anglian glaciation. During that glaciation, ice from the north of England advanced at least as far south as Watford, Finchley and Chingford.
Until the Anglian glaciation, the River Thames flowed north-eastwards via Watford, through what is now the Vale of St Albans, then eastwards towards Chelmsford and the North Sea. As a result of the glaciation, the Thames was diverted to a more southerly route, broadly along the line of its current course.[7]
Prior to the Anglian glaciation, a "proto-Mole-Wey" river was flowing northwards from the Weald and North Downs, through the "Finchley depression" and Palmers Green, to join the proto-Thames somewhere around Hoddesdon, at what is today an altitude of around 60 metres.[8] It was this river which, during the course of the early and middle Pleistocene, deposited the "Dollis Hill Gravel" at successive altitudes.
When the Anglian ice sheet diverted the Thames southwards, the Mole-Wey was cut off at Richmond.[9] Meltwater from the retreating Anglian ice sheet gave birth to a south-flowing lower River Lea, and that river cut into and followed in part the line of the former proto-Mole-Wey. It flowed into the newly diverted Thames, which at that time was spread over a wide flood plain extending as far north as Islington.[10]
And, as the ice sheet retreated, west bank tributaries of the lower Lea, such as Pymmes Brook, flowed eastwards and south-eastwards from higher ground running roughly south–north through Potters Bar, down towards the newly formed lower River Lea. They (and their own tributaries such as Bounds Green Brook) cut down successively through till left by the ice sheet, then through "Dollis Hill Gravel", and then into Eocene London Clay below.
It is not known at present whether Pymmes Brook, and other west bank tributaries such as Salmons Brook and Cuffley Brook, followed valleys which had been in existence before the ice sheet covered the land, or whether they fashioned a substantially different landscape after the ice retreated. But it is known that today's tributaries of the upper Lea, such as the Rivers Mimram and Stort, follow broadly the same lines as pre-glaciation valleys, so, by analogy, it is quite possible that elements at least of the pre-glaciation topography of the lower Lea basin are reflected in today's relief.[11]
In the case of Pymmes Brook immediately after the glaciation, that stream joined the River Lea somewhere around Broomfield Park, where there is a deposit of "Boyn Hill Gravel".[5] That gravel, which is on the highest of the river terraces left by the post-Anglian lower River Lea, marks the line followed by the Lea after the retreat of the ice sheet.
During the course of the following 400,000 years, the lower Lea moved steadily eastwards, leaving river terrace deposits of decreasing age and altitude as it did so, as well as a relatively steep eastern slope. (This eastward shift has been attributed to an underlying monocline.[12]) Pymmes Brook thus extended its course eastwards from Broomfield Park, across the valley floor of the lower Lea, through Upper Edmonton, to Meridian Water.
From Cockfosters down to Arnos Park, Pymmes Brook, like the lower River Lea, has a notably steep eastern slope. Associated with that is the fact that almost all the tributaries of that section of Pymmes Brook are on its west side. So it is possible that that section of the brook has, like the lower River Lea, also shifted eastwards somewhat since the Anglian glaciation (and, if so, presumably for the same reason).
In addition, that section of the Pymmes Brook valley today seems disproportionately deep for such a small stream - for example, at Cat Hill. But we are currently in an interglacial period, and the stream would have been flowing more strongly than today at times of "high discharge, under cold climatic conditions".[13] And, at such times, soil cover and vegetation would have been much thinner than today, thus facilitating greater erosion. Furthermore, as the River Lea itself cut down as it moved eastwards, it lowered the base level of its tributary stream, Pymmes Brook. That would have enabled the brook to become further incised into the higher ground to the west of the Lea flood plain.
The drainage pattern in this area continues to evolve. For example, the pronounced wind gap at the junction of Waggon Road and the A111, where Monken Mead Brook turns sharply to the south to become the upper part of Pymmes Brook, indicates that Monken Mead Brook once continued eastwards as a tributary of Salmons Brook. It has been captured by Pymmes Brook in the recent geological past.
Parks[edit]
The brook can be seen in the following larger parks;
It also flows through a number of other open spaces, smaller parks, and greens.
Walking[edit]
The new, extended route of the Pymmes Brook Trail starts where the brook's headwaters rise on Hadley Green then follows its approximate course to its confluence with the River Lea at Tottenham Hale, where the trail joins the Lea Valley Walk.
History[edit]
The brook is marked thus on the Ordnance Survey map of 1877. In c.1200 it was called, Medeseye that is ' meadow marsh-stream ' from Old English mæd and sæge [14]
During the Middle Ages, it was known as the Medesenge, in the late 17th century as Millicents brook then, by the late 18th century as Bell brook.
Water quality[edit]
Pymmes Brook receives most of its water from urban run-off as overland flow or via surface water drains and combined sewage outfalls (CSOs). There is some overflow from Jacks (Beechhill) lake. Jacks Lake burst its banks in the 1930s causing flooding in East Barnet with glasshouses and cows carried downstream! Following on from this event the banks and the first part of the channel was heavily reinforced with concrete. Water quality parameters are indicative of a high level of pollution, in particular, there are areas with misconnections resulting in very high levels of fecal coliforms. Cat Hill for instance often exceeds 1 million colony forming units of Escherichia coli per 100 mLs of water. Macroinvertebrate families are good indicators of organic loading and both the BMWP scores and the more recent WHPT biotic index scores are very low, compared with a clean chalk stream like the River Mimram which has a biotic index of around 210. The best scoring area of the brook (close to the headwaters) has never gone above 32. Channel sediments are also heavily contaminated particularly with heavy metals, lead, zinc, copper, and cadmium are all extremely high.[15][16]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ On flood prevention strategy, see Environment Agency, 2013, Managing flood risk in the lower Lea catchment, today and in the future, especially pages 30, 32 and 34.
- ^ "Pymme's Brook". Greenspace Information for Greater London. 2006. Archived from the original on 24 December 2012. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
- ^ "iGiGL – helping you find London's parks and wildlife sites". Greenspace Information for Greater London. 2006. Archived from the original on 15 October 2012.
- ^ There are outcrops of the formations mentioned here at Monken Hadley Common and Cockfosters. See: London Geodiversity Partnership, Guide to London's Geological sites - GLA 72 Monken Hadley Common and Guide to London's Geological sites - GLA55 Trent Park. On the Stanmore/Pebble Gravel, see also Bridgland, DR (1994), The Quaternary of the Thames, Chapman & Hall, London, chapter 2, "Harrow Weald Common", and Gibbard PL (2020), London Thames Basin, page 335, in Goudie A, Migoń P (eds) Landscapes and Landforms of England and Wales.
- ^ a b See mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/ for more information on the distribution of all the formations mentioned here.
- ^ The North London British Geological Survey (BGS) map at a scale of 1:50,000, which covers the Pymmes Brook catchment area, can be viewed online at largeimages.bgs.ac.uk/.
- ^ Bridgland, DR and Gibbard, PL (1997), Quaternary River Diversions in the London Basin and the Eastern English Channel, Géographie physique et Quaternaire, vol. 51, n° 3, 1997, pp. 337-346. Online at www.erudit.org/fr/revues/. See in particular Figure 1.
- ^ Murton, Della K. and Murton, Julian B. (2012), Middle and Late Pleistocene glacial lakes of lowland Britain and the southern North Sea Basin. Quaternary International, Volume 260, 18 May 2012, Pages 115-142, Fig. 7A. Online at coek.info. See also Bridgland, DR and Gibbard, PL (1997), Fig. 3.
- ^ Gibbard, PL (1979), Middle Pleistocene drainage in the Thames Valley, Geological Magazine, Volume 116, Issue 1, January 1979.
- ^ Ellison, RA (2004), Geology of London, British Geological Survey, Fig. 29, p54.
- ^ Brown, Joyce C. (1959), The Sub-Glacial Surface in East Hertfordshire and Its Relation to the Valley Pattern. Transactions and Papers (Institute of British Geographers), 1959, No. 26, pp. 37-50. See in particular Figure 1, Figure 4, and page 49 - "There is seen to be a general correspondence between the present and pre-glacial drainage lines".
- ^ Wells, AK and Wooldridge SW, Notes on the Geology of Epping Forest, Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, Volume 34, Issue 3, 1923, page 251.
- ^ Bridgland, DR (1994), The Quaternary of the Thames. Chapman & Hall, London, chapter 1, "Terrace Formation"
- ^ Mills . A. D. Oxford Dictionary of London Place Names (2001) p184 ISBN 0-19-860957-4
- ^ Veronica Edmonds-Brown & Hazel Faulkner (24 February 2007). "Causes and impacts of serious foulwater contamination:Pymmes Brook, North London". International Journal of Environmental Studies. 47 (3–4): 235–255. doi:10.1080/00207239508710965.
- ^ "The complexity of sediment associated transfer in a small North London stream" (PDF). The River Restoration Centre. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
Further reading[edit]
- Hewlett, Janet (1997). Nature Conservation in Barnet. London Ecology Unit. ISBN 1-871045-27-4.
- Saunders, Colin (2018). The Pymmes Brook Trail, Footline Press. ISBN 978 0 9929 434 2 4.
External links[edit]
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